Synopsis of Dr. Matt Makin's Presentation — The latest scientific research indicates that all animals experience some form of pain, but due to the hard wired nature of their nervous systems, the sensitivity of their pain receptors, the different levels brain function in different species - the amount of pain experienced is highly variable. Even though complete elimination of pain in individual animals may not be obtainable or desirable, prevention and alleviation of animal pain and suffering as an important and tenable therapeutic goal that we all (vets and farmers) should consider. You can download the presentation here.

Synopsis of Paul Walton's Presentation — Our sheep are very important to us and we only mules them because it improves their well being by reducing the chance of fly strike for their entire life - unlike Europe we don't get subsidised to pay shepherd to sit on his ass. I believe that it is important to mules lambs while they are young and to only make the operation as small as practical. After the last three weeks of using Tri-Solfen I have noticed that the lambs mothered up much quicker than usual which to me is the main worry about the whole mulesing operation. You can download the presentation here.